This section was measured in the north of the Minzhuochaka Lake in the Nagri region. We collected and studied the fusulines, conodonts and smaller foraminifers from the Strata. The conodonts are dominated by Sweetognathus and Mesogondolella species. The fusulines are dominated by Neoschwagerina, Pseudodoliolina, Mesoschubertella. The smaller foraminifers consist mainly of Pachyphloia, Langella, Palaeotextularia and Tetrataxis. From the viewpoint of conodonts, their age is Kungurian. From the viewpoint of fusulines, it suggests a Murgabian age. The coexistence of fusulines and conodonts suggests that the upper Kungurian of International Scale correspond to the Murgabian of Tethyan Scale. This has provided robust evidence to support a correct correlation between the global scale and Tethyan scale of the Permian stage. In paleobiogeography, the present of conodonts and fusulines in the section suggests that the South Qiangtang Block was in a warm-water environment during the Kungurian time. By contrast, the Kungurian faunas in the Lhasa Block are dominated by cool-water taxa without any warm-water fusulines. The discovery of both conodonts and fusulines suggest a different paleobiogeography between the Lhasa and South Qiangtang blocks during the Kungurian time.
ZHANG Yichun
The Ediacaran to early Cambrian representing the transition of Cryptozoic to Phanerozoic is one of the most important transitional periods in the earth system evolution and a hot period for the study of the origin and evolution of metazoan. Focusing on this scientific question, massive interdisciplinary studies including palaeontology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, geophysics etc. have been taken in many regions which significantly improve our understandings of this period. In the Himalaya zone, the correlative strata only have been reported and studies in a few regions in the Sub Indian Continent. The North Pakistan locating the western Himalaya is one of the adjoining areas of Tibet Plateau. For the lack of basic stratigraphic and palaeontological studies, it’s hard to confirm the exact age of the Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian strata assigned by the previous studies. Thus, for the establishment of the chronological framework in western Himalaya, it’s necessary to do more detailed investigations and sample collections to sort out the sedimentary sequence, biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of this interval in North Pakistan. During the expeditions in the Hazara Basin, we detailedly observed the lithostratigraphy and systematically collected samples for petrological, palaeontological and geochemical studies at Sikhar Mountain, Tarnawai Village, Salhad Village, Abbottabad Height, Sobangali, Neelor Village and Pindkhan Khel sections. The result of this preliminary investigation confirmed that the Hazara Basin deposited a relatively successive Ediacaran to early Cambrian strata.
PAN Bing
This data set includes major and trace elements and zircon U-Pb isotope data of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in Baoshan block, Tengchong, Yunnan Province. The sampling time is 2018, and the area is near lameng Town, Baoshan District, Tengchong, Yunnan. The rock samples include 8 sedimentary rock samples. This data provides key information for understanding the evolution of the middle Tethys structure between Tengchong and Baoshan, and limits the closing time of the middle Tethys ocean to the late Jurassic, which is of great significance for discussing the evolution process of the Tethys structure. The whole rock major and trace elements of rock samples were tested by fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and zircon U-Pb was dated by laser ablation plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS). The testing units include Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Institute of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The related articles of this data set have been published in the Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, and the data results are true and reliable.
ZHANG Jiuyuan
The Wuyu Basin is bounded by the Gangdese Mountains to the north and the Yarlung Tsangpo River to the south, and is a representative basin to study the Cenozoic tectonism of the southern Tibet. The sedimentary strata in the Wuyu Basin include the Paleocene-Eocene Linzizong Group volcanics and the Oligocene Rigongla Formation (Fm.) volcanics, the Miocene lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and Laiqing Fm. volcanics, the late Miocene-Pliocene Wuyu Fm., and the Pleistocene Dazi Fm. Five sandstone samples from the Mangxiang Fm., Wuyu Fm. and Dazi Fm. and one modern Wuyu reiver sand sample were collected for detrital zircon U-Pb dating using the LA-ICP-MS method. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages in the Mangxiang Fm. show a large cluster at 45-80 Ma; those in the Wuyu Fm. show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-70 Ma; those in the Dazi Fm. show three large clusters at 45-65 Ma, 105-150 Ma and 167-238 Ma; and those in modern Wuyu river show a large cluster at 8-15 Ma and a subsidiary cluster at 45-65 Ma (Figure 1). Late Cretaceous-early Eocene zircons in all samples are consistent with the most prominent stage of magmatism of the Gangdese Mountains; the 8-15 Ma zircons in the Wuyu Fm. and modern Wuyu river are consistent with the magmatism of the Laiqing Fm.; and the Triassic-Jurassic zircons in the Dazi Fm. are consistent with the magmatism of the central Lhasa terrane. The results of detrital zircon U-Pb ages and sedimentary facies analyses in the Wuyu Basin indicate that the southern Tibetan Plateau suffered multi-stage tectonism-magmatism since the India-Asia collision: (1) Paleogene Linzizong Group-Rigongla Fm. volcanics; (2) tectonism-magmatism at ~15 Ma ended the lacustrine sediments of the Mangxiang Fm. and resulted in volcanism of the Laiqing Fm.; (3) tectonism at ~8 Ma resulted in the volcanic rocks of the Laiqing Fm. becoming one of the main provenances for the overlying Wuyu Fm.; (4) the Wuyu Basin formed braided river and received sediments from the central Lhasa terrane to its north at ~2.5 Ma. The geomorphic pattern of the southern Tibet has gradually formed since the Quaternary.
MENG Qingquan MENG Qingquan
The Paleogene marine strata in southern Tibet are well developed and rich in foraminifera and other marine fossils. Based on the study of macroforaminifera taxonomy and Stratigraphy in the West Tethys domain (mainly the Mediterranean region), western scholars established the Paleocene Eocene macroforaminifera biostratigraphy in 1998. Compared with Tibet in the East Tethys domain, the development of macroforaminifera in the Paleocene in the Mediterranean region is relatively poor. Therefore, the accuracy of biostratigraphy based on sittis foraminifera is low. In this study, detailed profile survey and high-density sample collection of lower Paleogene carbonate sedimentary strata in guru area, southern Tibet are carried out to supplement and improve the biostratigraphy of macroforaminifera in southern Tibet on the basis of macroforaminiferal taxonomy research; Based on biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy, a high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework is established. A total of 7 profiles were measured in this study, and the profiles are located between 89 ° 11 ′ ~ 89 ° 13 ′ E and 28 ° 3 ′ ~ 28 ° 7 ′ n; The elevation range is 4643 ~ 5380 M. Based on the observation of rock slices in the laboratory, the age of the measured strata is preliminarily judged. P2 section is a limestone sequence overlying the late Cretaceous strata, representing the earliest Paleocene sedimentation in the study area; P1 section is a set of very thick limestone deposits of lower Paleocene; Section E2 is the top of Paleocene, close to the Paleocene / Eocene boundary; The ages of sections E1, E3, E3s and E4 are roughly early Eocene; The grayish green marl and red shale at the top of section E4 represent the latest marine strata in the study area. We plan to conduct detailed taxonomic and stratigraphic studies on foraminifera in these sections to establish high-resolution large foraminifera biostratigraphy; At the same time, we also need to analyze the changes in composition and abundance of macroforaminifera, and further explore the evolution process of macroforaminifera in early Paleogene. For the sandstone strata in the section, we need to conduct detrital zircon U-Pb isotope analysis, the obtained age and biostratigraphic data confirm each other, and further explore the paleogeographic evolution process under the influence of India Eurasia collision.
ZHANG Qinghai
The data mainly include the study of typical porphyry deposits, skarn deposits, magmatic deposits and pegmatite deposits in Kunlun mountain area. Porphyry deposits, focus on determining the deep process and front response of mineralization, and then clarify the genetic model and metallogenic law; Skarn type deposit, focusing on the relationship between the migration and evolution of hydrothermal fluid and mineralization; Copper nickel sulfide deposit, focusing on finding out the location and mode of magma assimilation and contamination of the crust, and then revealing the melting and dissociation process of sulfide; Pegmatite type deposits focus on the migration behavior of elements in the process of magmatic hydrothermal transformation, and then reveal the enrichment mechanism of rare metals such as Li, be, Nb and Ta in pegmatites. The experimental data obtained this time is mainly through the collection of field scientific research samples, and the elements, isotopes and chronology of the collected ore and rock samples in summer hamu, kendecok, Dahongliutan and other mining areas. The preliminary research processing results show that the data quality is high.
YUAN Feng
The establishment and improvement of the chronological framework of the Cenozoic strata within and around the Tibetan Plateau, are very essential and significant for revealing the history of the collision, uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau. It's vital to enhance the understanding of the denudation and weathering patterns varying with time and space and find out the mechanism of the uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its relevant effects on the regional and even global environment and climate. This data set has improved or established the chronological framework of the Cenozoic strata within and around the Tibetan Plateau, based on the magnetostratigraphy and accompanied by zircon U-Pb geochronology of the volcanics/tuffs/sedimentary tuffs or detrital rocks and/or biostratigraphy. The precisely dated sedimentary sequences include a 90-m loess sequence of the Duikang section constrained as ~8.1-3.7 Ma in the Linxia basin, several fluvial and lacustrine sequences (such as the 1890-m Dayu section with a range of ~41.8-21.5 Ma in age in the Lunpola basin, the 300-m Shuanghe section dated as ~42.7-36 Ma in the Jianchuan basin, the 252-m Caijiachong section with a range of ~47-36 Ma in the Qujing basin) and a 932-m saline lacustrine sequence with gypsolyte of the Jiangcheng section in the Simao basin whose age has identified to >112-63 Ma. All relevant experiments of the above chronology results have been conducted in the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tübingen University (Germany) , University of Texas at Austin (USA). The thermal demagnetization has been implemented using a thermal demagnetization oven and measured by a cryogenic magnetometer in a magnetically shielded room. The zircon U-Pb dating has been carried out using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer with an attached laser ablation system. This data set provides an important chronological foundation for the following researches on tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. It has created a series of original theoretical achievements with widespread influence.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, YAN Maodu, ZHANG Weilin, ZHANG Dawen
The Cenozoic strata developed within and around the Tibetan Plateau, contain fruitful information on the tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate changes. It's very significant on revealing the history of the uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its relevant effects on the regional and even global environment and climate. This data set contains several well developed sections, which have been identified by the systematic geological survey. Depending on the tools (e.g. GPS, geological compass) in the fieldwork, we have finished the geological measurements and descriptions of these sections as well as the relevant geological maps. It includes a 90-m loess deposit of the Duikang section in the Linxia basin, several fluvial and lacustrine deposits (such as the 1890-m Dayu section in the Lunpola basin, the 300-m Shuanghe section in the Jianchuan basin, the 252-m Caijiachong section in the Qujing basin) and a 932-m saline lacustrine deposit with gypsolyte of the Jiangcheng section in the Simao basin. This data set provides a solid geological foundation for the following researches on stratigraphic chronology, tectonic evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and so forth.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, YAN Maodu, ZHANG Weilin, ZHANG Dawen
Zircon U-Pb dating data set of Leucogranites in wengbo area of Himalayan orogenic belt is mainly zircon dating in wengbo area, and there are 28 zircon dating samples. The rocks are mainly leucogranite and pegmatite. The zircon dating method is LA-ICPMS. The data comes from the receiving phase. The articles published by the data are SCI or Ni journals, including geology, BSA bulletin and Journal of petroleum. The data results are true and reliable. The testing units are mainly Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, national testing and Analysis Center, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data set can be used to study the formation age of Cenozoic magmatism in the Himalayan orogenic belt.
ZENG Lingsen , GAO Lie , YAN Lilong
The data includes natural remanence, thermal demagnetization and magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of paleomagnetic samples in altash section in Southwest Tarim. The data is mainly used for magnetic stratigraphy in altash section. Combined with the results of isotopic dating, the chronological framework of altash section is established according to the records of geomagnetic polarity reversal in rocks or sediments and the comparison with standard polarity columns. From 2020 to 2021, members of the research group mainly used drilling rigs to drill paleomagnetic directional samples on the profile at an interval of 1 m (back to the laboratory to be processed into a 2 cm cylinder), and collected directional hand samples in individual areas (back to the laboratory to be processed into a 2 cm * 2 cm * 2 cm cube). The paleomagnetic experimental testing instrument includes two parts: 1 Rock superconducting magnetometer is used to measure the remanence and rock magnetic parameters of paleomagnetic samples; 2. Mfk kappa bridge is used to measure the magnetic susceptibility and magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of geological samples. A total of 298 samples were selected at an interval of 10 m, of which 221 obtained stable remanence, with a success rate of 74%. According to the preliminary paleomagnetic results, the chronological framework of altash section in Southwest Tarim is established; After all the paleomagnetic results are tested, combined with the accurate isotopic age, the high-precision magnetic stratigraphic sequence in Southwest Tarim will be established.
ZHENG Hongbo
On the basis of satellite image recognition, this data set catalogues and photographs the debris flow disaster chain and landslide disaster chain observed in the Himalayas and its surrounding areas; And fill in the data form, scientific examination log file and distribution map. Discipline scope of this data set: information and system science related engineering and technology - > systematic application of information technology - > geographic information system. This data mainly determines the location and type of disaster and disaster chain through field investigation, and then arranges it into tables and generates original data such as vector data and scientific research logs. The field scientific research areas include Nyingchi, Shannan, Bomi, Basu, Shigatse, Ali and other areas of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and the South-North rift areas such as Yadong, Nyalam, Chentang village, Jilong and Pulan of the South Asia channel.
DENG Hongyan
Based on the collection of GPS and stress data of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, this paper combs the movement rate and stress deformation system of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, displays the direction and size of each point through MAPGIS software, and then superimposes it on several main tectonic units of Songpan Ganzi flysch belt, North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate, South Qiangtang Baoshan block and Gangdise Lhasa block. This paper tries to reflect the similarities and differences of the specific deformation modes of each block under the overall stress of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and further define the specific deformation style and deformation state of each local area. This is of great significance for a deep understanding of the Cenozoic deformation model of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, as well as for guiding local disaster prevention and relief and engineering construction.
WANG Shifeng
We have studied the Petrotectonic attributes of granites distributed in a large area in the North Lancangjiang structure in Bitu area. The major and trace elements and Sr Nd isotopes have been completed in the Key Laboratory of deposit geochemistry, Institute of geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Among them, the main elements are analyzed by pw4400 X-ray fluorescence instrument, and the contents of 10 element oxides are determined; Trace elements are tested by ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. ICP-MS is manufactured by Agilent company in Tokyo, Japan, and the model is Agilent 7700x. The analysis method is the same as that of Zhang Xin, etc. According to the analysis results of standard sample gbpc-1de, the analysis error is less than 5%. MC-ICP-MS double focusing magnetic mass spectrometer with Neptune plus model is used for isotope test experiment. The test basis is GB / T 17672-1999.
WANG Shifeng
Based on the research progress of strata, rocks and structures in Sanjiang area, especially the systematic study of Jinshajiang suture zone, Bitu suture zone and Bangonghu Nujiang suture zone, this area is divided into several main structural units: Songpan Ganzi flysch zone, North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate, South Qiangtang Baoshan block and Gangdise Lhasa block; On this basis, Songpan Ganzi block is further divided into three sub units: Bayankala block, Ganzi Litang lake basin system and Zhongzan block; The North Qiangtang Changdu Simao plate is subdivided into five units: Jinshajiang paleoTethys belt, Changdu terrane, Lanping Simao terrane, Lincang volcanic rock belt and Bitu paleoTethys belt; The Nanqiangtang Baoshan tectonic system is subdivided into three tectonic units: Nanqiangtang block, Baoshan block and Bangong Lake Nujiang middle Tethys belt.
WANG Shifeng
The single mineral EPMA data set of magmatic rocks in the Himalayan orogenic belt is mainly based on the main data of single minerals in Jilong area, and the test points of single minerals are more than 200. The rock is light colored granite. The single minerals tested are mainly feldspar, garnet, muscovite and biotite. The single mineral electron probe uses cameca sxvivefe electron microprobe, etc. The data has not been published, and the data results are true and reliable. The testing units are mainly the Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and the Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data set can be used to study the petrogenesis of leucogranite melts in the Himalayan orogenic belt.
ZENG Lingsen , GAO Lie , YAN Lilong
The Cuonadong gneiss dome, a newly discovered dome in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes (NHGD) belt, iscomposedofthreeparts: core, mantle, andouterlayer. Theyarecomposedof Cambrian granitic gneiss, Early Paleozoic mica schist and skarn marble, and metamorphic sedimentary rocks, respectively, andleucogranitesandscores ofpegmatite veinsintrudeintothecore ofthe Cuonadong gneiss domeatalater stage. The Xianglin Be-Sn polymetallic ore depositislocatedin the northern Cuonadong gneiss dome. Anumber of north-south and east-north extensionalfaults are developedinthe mining area. The Be-Sn polymetallic orebodies were newly discovered through systematic surface exploration engineering in the mantle layer around the core of the dome and fault fracture zones. Theanatomy ofatypical mining areain the northern Cuonadong dome shows four types of ore bodies: skarn, cassiterite-quartz vein, cassiterite-sulfide, and granite pegmatite. Skarn type ore bodies occur in skarn marble in the mantle; mineralization is dominated by Sn, Be and W; Sn ore gradeis relatively low. Cassite-quartz vein type ore bodies are controlled by NE extensional fracture; mineralization is dominatedby Sn, Beand W; oregrades are relatively high. Cassite-sulfide orebodies are controlled by the interlayers lipstructure in marble; Snore gradeis high but Beand W ore grades arelow. Mineralization in pegmatiteis mainly Be, accompanied by Rb. Verified at great borehole depth, we found the deep extension of all types of ore bodies except pegmatite is relatively stable. Based on the study of there lationship between magma and Be-Sn polymetallic mineralization, we reveal that there are two stages of mineralization in the Xianglin mining area, and the mineralization is closely related to the weakly oriented two-mica granite and muscovite granite. Based on orebody characterization we developed a ore prospecting strategy. The main targets infuture ore exploration will be cassite-sulfide and cassite-quartz vein type ores as they are relatively rich in Be, Sn and W.
ZHANG Linkui
Based on the anatomy of the fine structure of Zhaxikang deposit, through systematic structural analysis, geophysical exploration and interpretation, combined with the shallow geochemical characteristics, the comprehensive geological geochemical geophysical exploration model and prediction index system of zhaxikang deposit are used to carry out mineral prediction, and one deep prospecting target area near zhaxikang line 54 is delineated. The deep target area of Qingmuzhu is located in the northwest of Cuonadong Xianglin area. Based on the information of geology, geochemistry and Geophysics, a beryllium tin tungsten polymetallic prospecting target area is delineated in the deep part of Qingmuzhu area. Geochemical characteristics show that there are high cumulative anomalies of lead, zinc, antimony and silver lining values in Qingmuzhu area, indicating that there are low-temperature element anomalies such as lead and zinc in this area. At the same time, the geological mapping work found several NE trending fault fracture zones on the surface of Qingmuzhu, with a width of 1-5m, filled with quartz, iron manganese carbonate and metal sulfide, indicating that there is a vein shaped lead-zinc antimony polymetallic mineralization controlled by the fault in qingmuzhu, which has similar metallogenic characteristics to Zhaxikang lead-zinc polymetallic deposit. According to the cuonadong dome extension zone, it extends northwestward and just reaches the deep part of Qingmuzhu area.
ZHANG Linkui
Paleozoic strata are well developed in the western Thailand area, but the detailed palaeontological research is still lacking for the Ordovician in study area. Abundant conodonts and cephalopod samples from the Tha Manao Formation in western Thailand (Sibumasu terrane, Dapingian Wat Mong Kratae section, GPS coordinates: 14°25′57″ N, 99°7′23″) were collected and identified in this study, constraining the age of Dapingian, and correlating to the Hunghuayuan Formation of South China. This dataset includes the stratigraphic column of the Tha Manao Formation section and outcrop photos in the western Thailand.
CHEN Zhongyang, LI Wenjie , LI Chao , FANG Xiang
Carbon cycle is controlled by relative changes in carbon fluxes of global atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. During the geological history, carbon isotope excursions usually occur in the critical period. Carbon isotope positive excursions are recognized to be related to abundant organic burial or enhanced primary productivity. Ordovician δ13Ccarb curves from China have been established, but the isotopic patterns in different sections and regions can be quite different. Before the use of δ13Ccarb records to facilitate high resolution correlation, it is necessary to conduct sedimentary facies and diagenesis analyses and compare numerous isotopic records on a global scale, in order to learn the global versus local contribution in a δ13C record. 100 geochemical samples were collected from the Dapingian Tha Manao Formation for carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses, in order to reveal carbon cycling process in northern margin of Gondwana continent and alternation of carbon isotopic records during diagenesis. This dataset includes 100 carbon and oxygen isotopic records.
LI Wenjie , CHEN Zhongyang, LI Chao , FANG Xiang
In South China, standard Carboniferous δ13Ccarb curves have been established, but the isotopic patterns and values in different sections and regions can be quite different. Before the use of δ13Ccarb records to reveal global marine carbon cycling, it is necessary to conduct sedimentary facies and diagenesis analyses and compare numerous isotopic records on a global scale, in order to learn the global versus local contribution in a δ13C record. 201 geochemical samples were collected from the Yueyahu Formation for carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses, in order to reveal carbon cycling process(the TICE event) in northern Qiangtang/or Songpan-Ganzi and evaluate alternation of carbon isotopic records during diagenesis. This dataset includes 201 carbon and oxygen isotopic records.
CHEN Jitao
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